Middle Level Mathematics (Grades 5–8) Subtest 2

For example:

• evaluating sampling techniques (e.g., systematic, cluster, stratified) and statistical methods and procedures (e.g., blocking, control, randomization, blinding) for collecting data
• selecting, justifying, and interpreting effective formats for organizing and describing data distributions (e.g., bar graphs, histograms, stem-and-leaf plots, scatter plots)
• analyzing the distribution of univariate data in terms of shape (e.g., symmetry, skewness, modality), center (e.g., mean, median), and spread (e.g., range, interquartile range)
• analyzing the association of bivariate quantitative data in terms of direction (e.g., positive, negative), strength (e.g., correlation), and form (e.g., linear, outliers, subgroups)

For example:

• analyzing the relationship between randomness and sampling methods in making statistical claims about populations
• analyzing situations and determining probabilities using graphic representations (e.g., area models, two-way frequency tables, tree diagrams, Venn diagrams)
• determining the probabilities of simple and compound events (e.g., independent, conditional, mutually exclusive) using counting principles and the concept of sample space
• estimating probabilities based on data collection, experiments, and simulations