English as a Second Language (Grades K–12) Subtest 2

Subarea II. Content and Communication Instruction and Assessment For English Learners

0009

Understand techniques for assessing and developing English learners' command of academic language in English, including their knowledge of academic vocabulary and complex language structures, to promote students' academic success.

applying knowledge of classroom-based assessment of English learners' academic language, including how to use various alternative assessments and how to interpret and use the results of classroom assessments to plan and adjust academic language instruction for English learners
applying knowledge of distinctions between social and academic language, including different tiers of vocabulary (i.e., Tier One—everyday vocabulary; Tier Two—general-academic vocabulary; and Tier Three—discipline-specific vocabulary), and strategies for helping English learners recognize these distinctions
recognizing the interrelationships between vocabulary knowledge and concept learning and the importance of integrating instruction in academic language, including academic vocabulary, and content instruction
applying knowledge of key components of effective vocabulary instruction (e.g., direct teaching of specific words; promoting development of independent word-learning strategies, such as morphological analysis, cognate strategies, contextual analysis, and use of reference materials; developing students' word consciousness; promoting wide reading for multiple purposes; providing multiple, meaningful exposures to new words through listening and reading and opportunities to use new words in speaking and writing)
demonstrating knowledge of English academic language functions (e.g., comparing, contrasting, sequencing, analyzing, classifying, persuading, justifying) and complex grammatical and discourse structures (e.g., complex sentences, passive voice), and applying knowledge of strategies for promoting English learners' command of various academic language functions and structures in their listening, speaking, reading, and writing
applying knowledge of how to use a variety of nonverbal, verbal, print, and technology-based resources to enhance English learners' development of academic language
applying knowledge of instructional techniques for promoting English learners' development of academic language, including using various scaffolding strategies for students at different English language proficiency levels

0010

Understand techniques for assessing and developing English learners' English communication skills in listening and speaking to promote students' academic success.

listening and speaking skills, including how to use various alternative assessments and how to interpret and use the results of classroom assessments to plan and adjust oral language instruction for English learners
applying knowledge of how to use a variety of nonverbal, verbal, print, and technology-based resources to enhance English learners' development of listening and speaking skills and promote their achievement of standards and curricular objectives related to listening and speaking
applying knowledge of instructional techniques for developing English learners' listening skills across the curriculum, including using various scaffolding strategies for students at different English language proficiency levels
applying knowledge of instructional techniques for developing English learners' speaking skills across the curriculum, including using various scaffolding strategies for students at different English language proficiency levels

0011

Understand techniques for assessing and developing English learners' English communication skills in reading and writing to promote students' academic success.

applying knowledge of classroom-based assessment of English learners' reading and writing skills, including how to use various alternative assessments and how to interpret and use the results of classroom assessments to plan and adjust literacy instruction for English learners
applying knowledge of how to use a variety of nonverbal, verbal, print, and technology-based resources to enhance English learners' development of reading and writing skills and promote their achievement of standards and curricular objectives related to reading and writing
applying knowledge of instructional techniques for developing English learners' reading skills across the curriculum, including using various scaffolding strategies for students at different English language proficiency levels and with varying levels of prior literacy experience
applying knowledge of instructional techniques for developing English learners' writing skills across the curriculum, including using various scaffolding strategies for students at different English language proficiency levels

0012

Understand techniques for assessing and developing English learners' content-area learning to promote students' full inclusion in academic settings.

applying knowledge of classroom-based assessment of English learners' content-area learning, including how to use various alternative assessments and how to interpret and use the results of classroom assessments to plan and adjust content-area instruction for English learners
recognizing the significance of both language and content-area learning for English learners' academic success and how to integrate language (e.g., use of language functions) and content instruction in the context of content-based and sheltered methodologies
recognizing the importance of integrating rigorous content-area instruction with academic-language instruction in order to support English learners' transition from struggling to learn basic information and skills in English to applying new content in increasingly complex and sophisticated ways
applying knowledge of discipline-specific language and discourse structures, including text structures used in various disciplines (e.g., mathematics, science, social studies) and strategies for promoting English learners' command of discipline-specific language and discourse structures to promote their content-area learning
applying knowledge of how to use a variety of nonverbal, verbal, print, and technology-based resources to enhance English learners' content-area learning
applying knowledge of instructional techniques for promoting English learners' content-area learning, including using various scaffolding strategies for students at different English language proficiency levels

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