Elementary Education (Grades K–6) Subtest 1

Subarea II. Communication Arts

0008

Understand the development of writing skills.

demonstrating knowledge of the structure and key elements of various modes of writing (e.g., informative, explanatory, persuasive, narrative)
demonstrating knowledge of techniques for generating topics and developing ideas for writing (e.g., brainstorming, using graphic organizers)
demonstrating knowledge of writing processes (e.g., drafting, editing) and of strategies for developing students' ability to use these processes to write competently with confidence, accuracy, and imagination
analyzing and revising written work in relation to organization, unity, clarity, and style (e.g., adding topic sentences, reordering sentences, deleting unnecessary information)
demonstrating knowledge of strategies for developing a research question and gathering information from relevant print and digital sources, assessing the credibility of each source, and refocusing the inquiry as appropriate
demonstrating knowledge of how to write arguments by clearly introducing claims; supporting claims with clear, well-organized reasons and relevant evidence; and providing a conclusion that follows from the argument presented
demonstrating knowledge of how to write informative and explanatory texts by introducing a topic, using an appropriate organizational structure, developing the topic with relevant facts, using appropriate transitions to clarify relationships between ideas, using domain-specific vocabulary, and providing a conclusion that follows from the information or explanation presented
demonstrating knowledge of how to summarize, quote from, and paraphrase the data and conclusions of others and how to provide basic bibliographic information
demonstrating knowledge of how to write narrative and other creative texts to develop real or imagined experiences or events by using literary and narrative techniques, a variety of transitional words, figurative and sensory language, and an appropriate conclusion that follows from the narrated experiences or events
applying knowledge of strategies for developing students' ability to use written language, including academic vocabulary, to communicate effectively with a variety of audiences and for different purposes
demonstrating knowledge of how to use technology, including the Internet, to produce and publish writing; link to and cite sources; and interact and collaborate with others on writing projects
demonstrating knowledge of formal and informal methods for assessing students' writing development and demonstrating the ability to interpret and use the results of these assessments to plan effective instruction
applying knowledge of strategies (e.g., differentiated instruction, interventions, enrichment) to address the assessed needs of individual students in writing

0009

Understand the development of listening, speaking, viewing, and media literacy skills.

demonstrating knowledge of how to delineate a speaker's argument, specific claims, and intended audience, including how to distinguish claims that are supported by reasons and evidence from claims that are not
demonstrating knowledge of strategies for effective participation in a range of collaborative discussions (e.g., one-on-one, small- and large-group, teacher-led) with diverse partners (e.g., following agreed-upon rules, observing nonverbal cues, asking clarification questions, paraphrasing multiple perspectives) and for identifying, managing, and resolving conflict in groups (e.g., compromise, mediation, problem solving)
demonstrating knowledge of strategies for evaluating a variety of media (e.g., film, television, video games, advertisements, print and digital media) with regard to accuracy and credibility of information, purpose, message, target audience, and presence of bias and stereotypes
demonstrating knowledge of how to interpret information presented in diverse media and formats (e.g., visually, quantitatively, orally) and analyze how it contributes to a topic, text, or issue
demonstrating knowledge of how to report on a topic or text and present claims and findings by sequencing ideas logically and using pertinent descriptions, facts, and details to support main ideas or themes
demonstrating knowledge of how to adapt speech to a variety of contexts, audiences, and tasks and how to use nonverbal communication appropriately (e.g., volume, pacing, eye contact)
demonstrating knowledge of how to create a multimedia work or a piece of digital communication for a specific purpose (e.g., to create or integrate knowledge, share experiences, persuade, entertain), publish the work, and share it with an audience
demonstrating knowledge of copyright, attribution, principles of fair use, licenses, open sources, and the effect of genre on conventions of attribution and citation
recognizing ethical standards and safe practices in social and personal media communications and strategies for ensuring that students understand and adhere to these standards and practices
demonstrating knowledge of how to provide explicit instruction and guided practice using a range of approaches and activities to develop students' facility in communicating information, opinions, and ideas orally and visually to different audiences for a variety of purposes
demonstrating knowledge of formal and informal methods for assessing students' development of listening, speaking, viewing, and media literacy skills and demonstrating the ability to interpret and use the results of these assessments to plan effective instruction
applying knowledge of strategies (e.g., differentiated instruction, interventions, enrichment) to address the assessed needs of individual students in the development of listening, speaking, viewing, and media literacy skills

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