Physical Education (Grades K–12) Subtest 1
Subarea I.1. Development of Motor Skills
0001
Understand principles and stages of motor development and motor learning.
- recognizing sequences and characteristics of motor development and factors that influence motor development
- identifying theories, concepts, and typical progressions of motor development and motor learning
- analyzing the relationship of motor development to physical, cognitive, social, emotional, and fitness development
- demonstrating knowledge of principles of practice, retention, readiness, observational learning, and transfer of learning as they relate to motor skill acquisition
- applying knowledge of principles and techniques for evaluating motor performance and for providing appropriate prompts, cues, and feedback to improve motor performance
- recognizing principles and strategies for modifying physical activities to promote the use and integration of particular motor skills
0002
Understand essential elements and sequencing of basic motor skills.
- identifying characteristics of locomotor, nonlocomotor, and object control skills
- identifying essential elements of locomotor, nonlocomotor, and object control skills
- recognizing appropriate instructional cues and prompts for a variety of fundamental motor skills
- demonstrating knowledge of how to promote student progress toward control in weight bearing, weight transfer, and balance activities
- recognizing how to use low organized games and exploratory activities to promote development of locomotor, nonlocomotor, and object control skills
- demonstrating knowledge of principles and activities for refining locomotor, nonlocomotor, and object control skills and for using these skills in combination
0003
Demonstrate knowledge of movement concepts and biomechanical principles.
- demonstrating knowledge of movement vocabulary in relation to space, time, level, speed, flow, balance, direction, pathway, effort, force, and relationship
- recognizing how to promote understanding of movement concepts in the context of motor skills (e.g., bending knees to increase stability, stomping to illustrate strong force, jumping rope safely in an area with sufficient general space)
- applying knowledge of biomechanical principles for safe and efficient movement related to motion, stability, center of gravity, force projection and absorption, buoyancy, rotation, torque, speed, distance, equilibrium, velocity, and acceleration
- demonstrating knowledge of how to use instructional cues and prompts to promote understanding and application of biomechanical principles
- determining how to incorporate movement concepts and biomechanical principles into instruction to enhance movement
0004
Demonstrate knowledge of stages and characteristics of physical, cognitive, social, and emotional development and their influences on psychomotor development.
- demonstrating knowledge of stages and characteristics of physical, cognitive, social, and emotional development during infancy, childhood, adolescence, and early adulthood
- analyzing the influence of various factors (e.g., heredity, nutrition, environment, peers, family, media, society) on physical, cognitive, social, emotional, and psychomotor development
- analyzing significant developmental issues that may occur during different stages of human growth
- demonstrating knowledge of major physical changes that occur with growth (e.g., in relation to agility, coordination, flexibility, and strength) and their impact on psychomotor development and physical fitness
- applying knowledge of how to use disciplinary concepts and principles (e.g., from exercise physiology, sociology, and sport psychology) to support students' physical, cognitive, social, emotional, and psychomotor development
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