Life Science (Grades 9–12) Subtest 1

Subarea III. Molecular Reproduction and Heredity

0007

Understand the processes of mitosis and meiosis.

recognizing stages of the cell cycle and factors that affect the division and growth of cells
recognizing the characteristics and behavior of chromosomes in eukaryotic cells
demonstrating knowledge of changes in the visibility, arrangement, and number of chromosomes in the various stages of mitosis and meiosis
analyzing how meiosis and fertilization contribute to genetic variability
applying knowledge of the characteristics of chromosomes and the laws of segregation and independent assortment to explain how sex is determined in humans

0008

Understand the concepts and principles of heredity.

demonstrating knowledge of how traits are inherited and expressed
recognizing evidence that a particular characteristic is inherited
demonstrating knowledge of the application of statistical analyses for describing the results from a given plant or animal breeding experiment
applying knowledge of the rules of probability and heredity (e.g., law of independent assortment) to predict the genotypic and phenotypic outcomes of offspring resulting from crosses of parents with given traits, including dominant-recessive, incomplete and co-dominant, polygenic, and sex-linked traits

0009

Understand genetic mutations and factors that affect the expression of genes.

recognizing the relationships between DNA, genes, and chromosomes
recognizing different types of mutations (e.g., substitution, deletion) and their effects
demonstrating knowledge of how mutations occur and factors that can cause genetic mutations
demonstrating knowledge of the control of gene expression in cells
analyzing the effects of environmental changes on the expression of genetic traits

0010

Understand the processes and applications of genetic technology.

recognizing the principles and processes of producing recombinant DNA
demonstrating knowledge of applications of genetic technology in the treatment of human diseases
demonstrating knowledge of applications of genetic technology in the development of agricultural products