Chemistry (Grades 9–12) Subtest 2

Subarea 1. Thermodynamics

0009

Understand the principles of thermodynamics as applied to chemical systems.

analyzing energy changes due to the formation or breaking of chemical bonds
analyzing energy changes during chemical reactions, including the analysis of enthalpy diagrams
solving problems involving calorimetry
analyzing energy changes involved in phase transitions, dissolving solutes in solvents, and diluting solutions

0010

Understand the relationship between thermodynamics and spontaneous chemical reactions.

predicting the spontaneity of given chemical reactions
analyzing the effect of changes in temperature, enthalpy, and entropy on the spontaneity of chemical reactions
analyzing the relationship between Gibbs free energy and electrochemical cell potential

0011

Understand the behavior of gases.

demonstrating knowledge of kinetic-molecular theory
predicting qualitatively the effect of changes in temperature, pressure, and quantity of gas on an ideal gas system
using the ideal gas law to solve quantitative problems involving ideal gas systems