Social Studies (Grades 5–12) Subtest 2
Subarea IV.4. Behavioral Sciences
0021
Understand how personal and social identity is formed and shaped.
- defining and applying basic psychological terms and concepts (e.g., perception, personality, learning, conditioning, motivation, defense mechanisms, behaviorism, psychoanalysis) and using psychological concepts and modes of inquiry to analyze human development
- demonstrating knowledge of concepts, methods, and theories related to the study of human growth and development and analyzing the role of perceptions, attitudes, values, and beliefs in the development of personal identity
- comparing the influences of various historical and contemporary cultures on individuals and analyzing personal connections to time, place, and social and cultural systems
- demonstrating understanding of socialization, social groups, and social interaction and analyzing how family, religion, gender, ethnicity, nationality, socioeconomic status, and other influences contribute to the development of a sense of self
- examining the effect of stereotyping, conformity, acts of altruism, and other behaviors on individuals and groups and recognizing how expressions of individuality and efforts to promote social conformity by groups or individuals can result in social tensions
- analyzing racial, ethnic, and gender relations and recognizing how ethnicity, nationality, and culture interact to influence individual identity and development
- analyzing how individuals work independently and cooperatively within groups and institutions to accomplish goals
- recognizing factors that contribute to and damage mental health and demonstrate knowledge of major treatment options and methodologies for various psychological disorders
0022
Understand the role of culture and social institutions in human societies.
- demonstrating understanding of basic anthropological and sociological terms and concepts (e.g., culture, cultural relativism, ethnocentrism, enculturation, cultural convergence, society, role, status, social class, conformity, pluralism, stereotyping) and using them to examine cultural and social responses to persistent human issues
- examining the origins and evolution of culture, analyzing culture as an integrated whole, and recognizing societal patterns for preserving and transmitting culture while adapting to environmental or social change
- analyzing diverse cultural perspectives and frames of reference and demonstrating understanding of how science and technology influence the core values, beliefs, and attitudes of societies
- recognizing the benefits of cultural diversity and cohesion and examining values, attitudes, and behavioral patterns that promote or obstruct cross-cultural understanding
- identifying characteristics of basic social institutions (e.g., families, economic systems, educational systems, political systems, religious communities) and recognizing the roles and functions of social institutions in maintaining social control; preserving and transmitting cultural values and norms; and adapting to social, economic, technological, and environmental change
- analyzing how institutions and groups change over time to meet individual and social needs and examining group and institutional influences on people, events, and elements of culture in both historical and contemporary settings
- demonstrating knowledge of how roles, status, and social class influence the connections and interactions of individuals, groups, and institutions in society
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